1. Parallel hatching

The basic principle is simple: draw lines parallel to one another to create shaded areas.

To tone down hatched areas, from darkest to lightest, you can:

• Use various pencils:
• with soft lead (2B, 3B) for dark, thick hatching
• with hard lead (2H, 3H) for lighter, fainter hatching.
• press down more or less forcefully while drawing.
• Varying the density when drawing lines closer together or farther apart: closer together for darker shading, farther apart for lighter shading.
• Darken the tone by adding cross-hatching: another series of parallel lines crisscrossing the first ones.
• Draw the parallel hatching freehand: using a ruler would look too constrained.

2. Randomized hatching

Freehand hatching: for a more luminous drawing.

• Continually change hatching direction by pivoting your wrist.
• Press down harder on the pencil and multiply your pencil strokes for dark values. Do the opposite for light values.

Curved hatching: ideal for adding volume to the drawing of a round object.

• Draw a series of hatching lines along the object's horizontal curves.
• Then draw a series of cross-hatching lines on top by following the object's vertical curves.